Country Conflict Tracker

GAZA
(Palestine-Israel)

STATUS: Worsening

Decades of conflict, corruption, terrorism, occupation, blockades, and airstrikes have robbed the children of Gaza of basic health, education, and safety.
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SUMMARY

Updated Aug 24, 2022

The August 2022 attacks on Gaza have compounded the city’s already worsening humanitarian situation. The protracted conflict has recently intensified, with recurring hostilities between Palestinian Islamic Jihad and the Israeli military and blatant disrespect for international law. This escalation of violence has placed a significant burden on women and children who are, in many cases, still traumatized by past violence.

While the history of the Israel-Palestinian conflict traces back decades, and where one begins their telling of the story drastically impacts the telling of the story itself, the current chapter of conflict might be best traced to 2006, with years of intermittent airstrikes from Israel and rocket attacks from Gaza forming the pretext for the other’s “retaliation” or “preemption”.

The most recent round of violence in August 2022 left innocent civilians dead, subsequent to Israeli airstrikes in Gaza and Israeli military shooting into crowds in the West Bank.

The already dire humanitarian situation in Gaza, due in large part to Israel’s sustained blockade against the city, is heightened by increasing unemployment, poverty, sporadic outbreaks of conflict, and food insecurity. In the West Bank, settler violence and the demolition of Palestinian-owned structures remain high.

Gaza has a population of approximately 2.2 million and a limited infrastructure. Travel and trade routes are under the control of Israeli and Egyptian authorities, making it virtually impossible for Palestinians to escape.

Here are a few things we’re watching right now:

Settler Violence

Many Palestinians are facing the risk of forcible relocation. The ongoing conflict escalated with the May 2021 threat of the imminent forced relocation of families living in Sheikh Jarrah, a neighborhood in East Jerusalem. The continuing demolition of Palestinian-owned properties, unlawful confiscation of Palestinian properties, and forced removal of Palestinians have put hundreds of people, the majority of them children, at the risk of de-facto expulsion and displacement from their homes and homeland.

Settler violence and de jure annexation contradict international humanitarian laws that require Israel to safeguard the rights of Palestinians living in the occupied territories. Israel, as an occupying power, also violates Article 49(6) of the Fourth Geneva Convention, which prohibits the transfer of its population to the occupied territory.

Restricted access to the West Bank and Gaza City has made it problematic for aid workers and civilians to move freely and safely through the region.

Economic Stagnation & Food Insecurity

Before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, approximately 33% of the Palestinian population could not afford nutritious food. The level of food insecurity is particularly high among families headed by women. In Gaza, 64% of women-headed families experience food insecurity. The economic stagnation emanating from the conflict has undermined Palestinians' ability to meet their basic needs, including clothing, housing, and food.

The affected populations cannot counteract the significant consumption gap through coping mechanisms or economic means, which they have already used up due to the current and chronic conflict.

In May 2021, Gaza and Israel both experienced the most severe military hostilities since 2014, against the backdrop of widespread unrest across the West Bank and in East Jerusalem. The humanitarian condition in Gaza, where food insecurity and poverty affect 64.4% and 53% of the population, respectively, is alarming due to the accompanying collapse of critical infrastructures and essential social services. In August 2022, Israeli airstrikes in Gaza further exacerbated these conditions.

The socioeconomic fabric in Gaza is rapidly faltering due to the cumulative effects of 15 years of air, land, and sea blockade.

Reports from national surveys demonstrate that a significant portion of Gaza's population, mostly children, suffer from overlapping nutritional problems.

August 2022 Airstrikes

On August 5, 2022, Israel conducted a “preemptive operation” (e.g., airstrikes) against the designated terror group Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) in Gaza, killing PIJ’s senior commander. PIJ responded by firing rockets into Israeli territory.

On August 7, the UN and Egypt brokered a ceasefire. The PIJ and Israeli army both issued formal statements confirming the cessation of their respective military operations.

On 8 August, Israeli security forces began removing restrictions on Gaza's crossings imposed six days earlier, consequently allowing movement for individuals from and back to Gaza.

The escalation of the conflict has led to the destruction of property and casualties, further worsening the humanitarian condition in Gaza. A report released by OHCHR confirmed that at least 46 Palestinians had lost their lives, including four women and 15 children. The Ministry of Health in Gaza stated that approximately 360 Palestinians had been injured during the airstrikes, including 19 elderly, 58 women, and 151 children.

The adverse implications of the war are felt on both sides, with Israel's national emergency services confirming that 70 Israelis have suffered serious injuries. The organization evacuated 47 Israeli nationals to hospitals from the start of the escalation.

Thirty-one people were injured while running for shelter, three from shrapnel, and another 13 from severe shock. Israeli authorities stated that three shells hit the area near the Erez crossing, resulting in tremendous damages. Israeli authorities reported 1,100 projectiles and rockets were fired from Gaza. Of these, 900 reportedly crossed into Israel, while 200 fell short and landed in Gaza.

West Bank Attacks

Despite the ceasefire, Israeli forces have been using live ammunition in the West Bank to keep Palestinians at bay. On 9 August alone, at least four Palestinians were killed and 90 others injured. Among the people who lost their lives was a four-year-old boy shot during a raid conducted by Israeli forces.

The escalations also led to the untimely death of another 16-year-old boy after he was accidentally shot by military soldiers who were responding to fireworks and stones hurled at them by Palestinians.

Due to the widespread use of live ammunition, Palestinian fatalities have increased dramatically. As of August 23, the UN Human Rights Office has documented the killing of 74 Palestinians, 20 of whom are children. On many occasions, Israeli forces employed lethal force to a degree that clearly violates international human rights law.

Humanitarian Situation

At least 2.1 million people require humanitarian aid and protection in East Jerusalem, Gaza City, and the West Bank. Out of these, approximately 934,000 are children.

The circumstances in the State of Palestine constitute a protracted protection crisis heightened by the August 2022 airstrikes and closure of the Gaza Strip, the COVID-19 pandemic, the May 2021 conflict, and an escalating fiscal and financial crisis within the country’s economy. The economic crisis is further fueled by a surge in commodity prices due to the ongoing conflict in Ukraine.

In 2022, the escalations between Israel and Gaza-based PIJ and grave human rights violations have significantly affected the wellbeing and rights of Palestinian children. “Five hundred and thirty five individuals fled their homes due to the intensive air strikes and the destruction of their houses, (sic) the air strikes on Gaza left 21 housing units totally destroyed and 77 housing units severely damaged and an estimated 1,793 housing units with different levels of damage,” according to a report issued by the Shelter Cluster Palestine.

As aid groups sought to raise tens of millions in funding to ensure hundreds and hundreds of thousands of people have access to food, safe water, primary healthcare, and mental health services, they noted that needs are still ongoing from hostilities and destruction that commenced 15 months prior, as Gazans stay trapped in another round of cyclical deprivation.

Conclusion

The humanitarian situation in Gaza City is dire, and the conditions could be characterized as "worsening." Though movement in/out of Gaza have improved since last year, the pervasive threat of blockades and closures looms over the heads of many who leave Gaza to work in Israeli territory each day. Women and children remain at the frontline of the conflict, particularly with regard to the lack of access to food, safe water, and healthcare services. If the situation in Gaza continues to worsen, the impact on wider regional animosities and realities will be compounded for years to come. Numerous diplomatic, societal, legal, and humanitarian remedies are needed to ever fully resolve the complexities of the Israel-Palestinian conflict. But while the world waits, those suffering in Gaza today need humanitarian assistance now, as much as ever.

HUMANITE in Gaza

Though HUMANITE’s founders have been traveling to Israel & Palestine and working with Palestinian artisans and civil society organizations since 2017, HUMANITE is not actively programming in Gaza through staff, fellows, or partners at this time.

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Methodology

HUMANITE’s Conflict Tracker is informed and updated by input from our collective of staff, fellows, volunteers, donors, humanitarian partners, analysts, and our network of government, military, and professional contacts across the globe. Leads and tips are fact-checked against U.N., ACLED, local media, and major international media outlets.

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